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Quadrature modulation : ウィキペディア英語版
Quadrature modulation

Quadrature modulation is the general technique of modulating two carriers.
Examples include Quadrature amplitude modulation, Phase-shift keying, and Minimum-shift keying.
Constellation diagrams are used to examine the modulation in the 2-D signal space.
== Explanation ==
Sending a signal by amplitude modulation consists of sending the function
:y(t) = I(t) \cdot \cos(\omega_c t)
where I(t) is the signal to encode and \cos(\omega_c t) is the carrier wave, \omega_c is the carrier frequency – one is changing the amplitude of a carrier wave to encode the signal, hence amplitude modulation.
In general one could also change the phase of the carrier to encode the signal, as in:
:z(t) = I(t) \cdot \cos(\omega_c t) - Q(t) \cdot \sin(\omega_c t)
this 90° (the angle of a rectangle, or a 1/4 turn) is why it is called "quadrature" modulation, and the symbols I(t) and Q(t) indicate the "in-phase" signal and "quadrature" signal.
In terms of Euler's formula, e^ = \cos t + i \sin t, amplitude modulation encodes a 1-dimensional ''real'' signal, while quadrature modulation encodes a 2-dimensional ''complex'' signal. This viewpoint, that a wave of a given frequency can encode 2 dimensions of data, is elaborated in Fourier analysis, and is the principle that quadrature modulation exploits.

抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)
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